| Formulary Chapter 6: Endocrine system - Full Chapter
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| Chapter Links... |
Biosimilars policy statement |
Diabetes UK: Diabetes when you’re unwell |
LSCMMG: Diabetes - Choice of Safety Pen Needles and Lancets |
LSCMMG: Diabetes - Pen Needles/Lancets |
LSCMMG: Diabetes - Position Statement Safety Needles and Safety Lancets |
LSCMMG: Diabetes Guideline for antihyperglycaemic therapy in adults with type 2 diabetes |
LSCMMG: Diabetes: Recommended meters, strips and devices |
LSCMMG: GLP-1 patient contract |
LSCMMG: Osteoporosis: Secondary fracture prevention patient treatment pathway |
LSCMMG: Policy for the Provision of Insulin Pumps for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus |
LSCMMG: Trans Female Gender Dysphoria Information Sheet |
LSCMMG: Trans Male Gender Dysphoria Information Sheet |
MHRA: Diabetes and driving |
NICE NG17: Type 1 diabetes in adults: diagnosis and management |
NICE NG18: Diabetes (type 1 and type 2) in children and young people: diagnosis and management |
NICE NG19: Diabetic foot problems: prevention and management |
NICE NG28: Type 2 diabetes in adults: management |
NICE NG3: Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period |
NHSE guidance to primary care about unregulated providers who supply hormone medications to children and young people for gender incongruence |
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Other antidiabetic drugs |
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DPP-4 inhibitors |
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GLP-1 mimetics |
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DPP4 inhibitors (gliptins) |
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SGLT2 inhibitors |
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GLP1 agonists |
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Dulaglutide (Trulicity ®)
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Formulary
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Pre-filled pen 0.75mg/0.5mL, 1.5mg/0.5mL
First line GLP-1 agonist
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MHRA Drug Safety Update June 2019: GLP-1 receptor agonists: reports of diabetic ketoacidosis when concomitant insulin was rapidly reduced or discontinued
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Liraglutide
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Formulary
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Injection 6mg/mL pre-filled pen Second line GLP-1 agonist, if daily administration preferred.
Ensure the correct liraglutide product is supplied. Prescribe by brand in accordance with the licensed indications for each product.
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MHRA Drug Safety Update June 2019: GLP-1 receptor agonists: reports of diabetic ketoacidosis when concomitant insulin was rapidly reduced or discontinued
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Liraglutide
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Formulary
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Managing overweight and obesity.
Ensure the correct liraglutide product is supplied. Prescribe by brand in accordance with the licensed indications for each product.
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MHRA: GLP-1 receptor agonists: reports of diabetic ketoacidosis when concomitant insulin was rapidly reduced or discontinued
MHRA: Ozempic▼(semaglutide) and Saxenda (liraglutide): vigilance required due to potentially harmful falsified products
NICE TA664: Liraglutide for managing overweight and obesity
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Semaglutide (Ozempic®)
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Formulary
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Solution for injection - pre-filled pen 0.25mg, 0.5mg, 1mg
First line GLP-1 agonist.
Prescribe by brand.
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MHRA: GLP-1 receptor agonists: reports of diabetic ketoacidosis when concomitant insulin was rapidly reduced or discontinued
MHRA: Ozempic▼(semaglutide) and Saxenda (liraglutide): vigilance required due to potentially harmful falsified products
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Semaglutide (Rybelsus®)
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Formulary
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First line GLP-1 agonist.
Alternative GLP-1 receptor agonist for patients who are unable to use subcutaneous formulations or patients who prefer oral administration.
In September 2025 all practices received a Direct Healthcare Professional Communication from Novo Nordisk regarding a change to the formulation of Rybelsus (oral semaglutide). At that time the EMIS clinical system had not been adequately updated to allow practices to prescribe the new formulations and we advised practices to refrain from switching patients over until further notice.
Over the last few weeks these updates to the EMIS system have been implemented and supplies of the new formulations have now started to make their way into distribution chains.
Novo Nordisk is replacing the initial formulation (3 mg, 7 mg, 14 mg tablets) of Rybelsus with the new formulation (1.5 mg, 4 mg, 9 mg tablets). Healthcare professionals should be aware that the original formulation is anticipated to be available until approximately 31st January 2026 however, original formulation stock of imported Rybelsus may be within supply chains beyond this date.
There is a risk of patient harm arising through medication error during the transition period where the original and new formulation of Rybelsus tablets, which have different stated mg doses but are bioequivalent, will both be available on the market. Medication error may result in overdose if healthcare professionals prescribe more than one tablet per day of the new formulation to try to match the dose to the old strengths. This could affect disease control and increase the risk of side effects e.g. nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Please find the link here for further advice for Healthcare professionals from the MHRA
- The new formulation of Rybelsus has increased bioavailability therefore lower strength tablets achieve the same drug exposure and clinical effect as the previous formulation.
- The Product Information has been updated to explain the difference between the two formulations and enable readers to identify the equivalent doses across formulations with bioequivalent doses.
- Details of the new formulation can also be found in the Direct Healthcare Professional Communication distributed by the Marketing Authorisation Holder in September 2025.
- Rybelsus tablets have been replaced with a new formulation with increased bioavailability, which is bioequivalent to the initial formulation as described in the table below:

- Rybelsus should always be taken as ONE tablet per day. Taking more than this will result in overdosing, which affects disease control and increases the risk of adverse events.
- Prescribe patients starting Rybelsus treatment the new formulation once it is available in your prescribing system.
- Systematically switch patients who are currently on Rybelsus to the new formulation once it is available in your prescribing systems.
- Inform patients about the change in formulation and strength when the new formulation is prescribed or dispensed. Refer patients to the patient transition guide for further information.
- Ensure that patients are aware that tablets with the new formulation and lower strengths will have the same effects as the tablets with the initial formulation and higher strengths.
- Document in the patient’s notes that the change has been undertaken and communicate to other parts of the system where required.
- Report medication errors or near misses via local risk management systems and medication errors resulting in patient harm on the Yellow Card website
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Medicines Matters no 39 Rybelsus® (oral semaglutide): risk of medication error due to introduction of new formulation with increased bioavailability
MHRA drug safety update: Rybelsus ® (semaglutide tablets): transition to new formulation and risk of medication error
MHRA: GLP-1 receptor agonists: reports of diabetic ketoacidosis when concomitant insulin was rapidly reduced or discontinued
National Patient Safety Alert
Rybelsus® (oral semaglutide): risk of medication error due to introduction of new formulation with increased bioavailability
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Semaglutide (Wegovy®)
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Formulary
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Solution for injection in pre filled pen
0.25mg, 0.5mg, 1mg, 1.7mg, 2.4mg
Only available via referral to a Tier 3 Weight Management Service.
for NICE TA910 Semaglutide for managing overweight and obesity in young people aged 12 to 17 years.
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MHRA: GLP-1 receptor agonists: reports of diabetic ketoacidosis when concomitant insulin was rapidly reduced or discontinued
NICE TA875: Semaglutide for managing overweight and obesity
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Tirzepatide
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Formulary
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Type 2 Diabetes
Preference of agent should be decided based on the clinician’s judgement about patient characteristics. Local specialists have suggested the following:
1. Semaglutide (or other available GLP-1 RAs) may be preferred in patients with lower BMIs e.g. < BMI 35 kg/m2 or patients who have established CVD or are at high risk of CV events and require an agent with proven CV benefit.
2. Tirzepatide may be preferred in patients with higher BMIs e.g. > BMI 40 kg/m2 or who despite optimisation of all other therapies still require further glycaemic control.
Careful consideration MUST be given to stopping tirzepatide if ineffective or not tolerated (evidence of poor tolerance as dose escalates). Tirzepatide should be reviewed after 6 months, and the deprescribing of other agents, e.g. sulfonylureas and gliptins, should be considered where possible.
As a minimum expectation, it is recommended that tirzepatide is only continued if the adult with type 2 diabetes has had a beneficial metabolic response (a reduction of at least 11 mmol/mol [1.0%] in HbA1c and weight loss of at least 3% of initial body weight in 6 months).
Managing overweight and obesity
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LSCMMG: Mounjaro® (Tirzepatide) for Type 2 Diabetes Position Statement
NICE TA924: Tirzepatide for treating type 2 diabetes
Tirzepatide: Mounjaro® (tirzepatide) for managing overweight and obesity in primary care
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Insulin glargine/lixisenatide
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Formulary
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100iu/mL pre-filled pens
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Meglitinides |
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SGL2 inhibitors |
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Intestinal alpha glucosidase inhibitor |
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Thiazolidinediones |
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Key |
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Restricted Drug |
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Unlicensed |
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Link to adult BNF
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Link to children's BNF
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Link to SPCs
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Scottish Medicines Consortium |
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Cytotoxic Drug |
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Controlled Drug |
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High Cost Medicine
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Cancer Drugs Fund
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Homecare |
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ICB commissioned |
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NHS England commissioned |
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Blueteq form needed |
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Low carbon footprint |
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Medium carbon footprint |
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High carbon footprint |
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| Status |
Description |

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Green:
Appropriate for initiation and ongoing prescribing in both primary and secondary care.
Generally, little or no routine drug monitoring is required. |

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Green (Restricted):
Appropriate for initiation and ongoing prescribing in both primary and secondary care provided:
Additional criteria specific to the medicine or device are met, or
The medicine or device is used following the failure of other therapies as defined by the relevant LSCMMG pathway.
Generally, little or no routine drug monitoring is required.
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Red medicines:
Medicine is supplied by the hospital for the duration of the treatment course.
Primary care initiation or continuation of treatment is not recommended unless exceptional circumstances such as specialist GP.
Red medicines are those where primary care prescribing is not recommended. These treatments should be initiated by specialists only and prescribing retained within secondary care. They require specialist knowledge, intensive monitoring, specific dose adjustments or further evaluation in use. If however, a primary care prescriber has particular specialist knowledge or experience of prescribing a particular drug for a particular patient it would not always be appropriate for them to expect to transfer that prescribing responsibility back to secondary care. There should be a specific reason and a specific risk agreement, protocol and service set up to support this.
Primary care prescribers may prescribe RED medicines in exceptional circumstances to patients to ensure continuity of supply while arrangements are made to obtain ongoing supplies from secondary care. |

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Amber level 0:
Suitable for prescribing in primary care following recommendation or initiation by a specialist.
Little or no specific monitoring required.
Patient may need a regular review, but this would not exceed that required for other medicines routinely prescribed in primary care.
Brief prescribing document or information sheet may be required.
Primary care prescribers must be familiar with the drug to take on prescribing responsibility or must get the required information.
When recommending or handing over care, specialists should ask primary care prescribers to take over prescribing responsibility, and should give enough information about the indication, dose, monitoring requirements, use outside product licence and any necessary dose adjustments to allow them to confidently prescribe. |

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Amber level 1 (with shared care):
Suitable for prescribing in primary care following recommendation or initiation by a specialist.
Minimal monitoring required.
Patient may need a regular review, but this would not exceed that required for other medicines routinely prescribed in primary care.
Full prior agreement about patient’s on-going care must be reached under the shared care agreement.
Primary care prescribers are advised not to take on prescribing of these medicines unless they have been adequately informed by letter of their responsibilities with regards monitoring, side effects and interactions and are happy to take on the prescribing responsibility. A copy of locally approved shared care guidelines should accompany this letter which outlines these responsibilities. Primary care prescribers should then tell secondary care of their intentions as soon as possible by letter so that arrangements can be made for the transfer of care. |

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Amber level 2 (with shared care and enhanced service):
Initiated by specialist and transferred to primary care following a successful initiation period.
Significant monitoring required on an on-going basis.
Full prior agreement about patient’s on-going care must be reached under the shared care agreement.
Suitable for enhanced service.
These medicines are considered suitable for GP prescribing following specialist initiation of therapy, as per shared care document which will be sent out with the request to prescribe, with on-going communication between the primary care prescriber and specialist. Amber Level 2 medicines require significant monitoring for which an enhanced service may be suitable. (Subject to local commissioning agreements). |

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Do not prescribe: NOT recommended for use by the NHS in Lancashire and South Cumbria.
Includes medicines that NICE has not recommended for use and terminated technology appraisals, unless there is a local need. |

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Grey medicines:
Medicines which have not yet been reviewed or are under the review process.
GPs and specialists are recommended not to prescribe these drugs.
This category includes drugs where funding has not yet been agreed.
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Refer to local guidance. |
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